[1] The kami enshrined at Chiriku Hachiman-gū is Hachiman (八幡神), which in this location is an amalgamation of: Secondary kami include: According to the Chinzei Yoryaku (鎮西要略), in 724, Mibu Harunari, then governor of Hizen Province, received an oracle from the Hachiman deity to build a shrine on the land where a thousand chestnuts were growing.

According to records of the Dazaifu, in 999 oil gushed out of the ground at the shrine and was presented to the Imperial Court.

It has been recognized as the ichinomiya of Hizen Province since the Heian period, however, the title is disputed by the Yodohime Shrine, located in the city of Saga.

It is an indication of the importance of the shrine that the Court dispatched Konoe Kanetsune and Tsuchimikado Sadamichi, two high-ranking nobles in 1230 to investigate and discuss the reconstruction.

It continued to be supported by the Nabeshima clan, the daimyō of Saga Domain during the Edo Period.