Settlements in the area date back to prehistoric and Roman times, but Chiseldon itself was started by the Saxons.

Chiseldon lies on one of the country's oldest highways, the Icknield Way, although this section of the road is more commonly known as The Ridgeway.

[5] This unique find, the largest group of Iron Age cauldrons to be discovered in Europe, was excavated in June 2005 and again in 2010.

A World War I soldier, Arthur Bullock, recorded overcrowding and appalling conditions, including, in the canteen, having to re-use tables and plates from a previous sitting, on which lay 'bones and chewed bits of gristle'.

[13] The earliest masonry is the five-bay arcades of c.1200, and the south and east windows of the chancel are also from the early 13th century.

[14] The three-stage 15th-century tower is in unusual position backing onto the south aisle, its base providing a porch.

Ponting in 1892 saw the renewal of the stalls using 16th-century carved panels;[14] the exterior was little changed beyond the replacement of the chancel roof at a steeper angle.

[12] The church has much stained glass from the late 19th century, and a 1939 window in the north aisle by Christopher Webb.

Stone memorials inside the church include a depiction of Edward Hellish (died 1707) and his large family.

This area included the former hamlet of Coate and the modern housing development of Badbury Park, on the southeastern edge of Swindon.

[19][20] As well as having its own elected parish council, Chiseldon also falls within the area of the Borough of Swindon unitary authority, which is responsible for all significant local government functions.