[1] The Sich lasted until May 25, 1709, when it was destroyed by Moscow's punitive expedition undertaken in response to the support of Hetman Ivan Mazepa by Zaporozhian Cossacks.
Cossacks of the Sich took part in Bohdan Khmelnytskyi's campaigns, excelling in the battles of Zhvanets (1653), Horodok (1655), during the second siege of Lviv (1655), etc.
The national recognition of the Chortomlyk Sich spread during the time of kish otaman Ivan Sirko (1659—1680), who lived exclusively in the sich for 17 years and was elected a kish otaman more than 15 times,[3] favoring his military merits.
In particular, he became famous for the defeat of the 60,000-strong Ottoman-Tatar army, which suddenly attacked Chortomlyk Sich on New Year's Eve in 1675;[4] as well as the Crimean campaign of 1676, when the Cossacks led by Sirko for the first time crossed the Syvash bay and threatened the Khan's capital Bakhchysarai.
[5] After the defeat of Ivan Mazepa and his supporters at the Battle of Poltava in 1709, the Chortomlyk Sich was destroyed by the Moscovite armed forces together with the capital of Cossack Hetmanate, Baturyn[6] and other Ukrainian cities.