At the NFL Scouting Combine, Conte was one of the top performers in the broad jump, as he finished fourth among defensive back prospects.

Head coach Lovie Smith named Conte the backup free safety to begin the regular season, behind Major Wright.

[11] On October 16, 2011, Conte made his first career start and recorded a season-high six combined tackles in a 39–10 victory against the Minnesota Vikings in Week 6.

[13] On October 23, 2011, Conte recorded a solo tackle, two pass deflections, and made his first career interception in the Bears' 24–18 victory at the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in Week 7.

Head coach Lovie Smith officially named him the starter to begin the regular season, alongside strong safety Major Wright.

[23] On November 10, 2013, Conte recorded three combined tackles, a season-high three pass deflections, and an interception during a 21–19 loss to the Detroit Lions in Week 10.

[25] Conte finished the 2013 season with a career-high 90 combined tackles (73 solo) seven passes defended, three interceptions, and two forced fumbles in 16 games and 16 starts.

[18] On April 3, 2014, the Chicago Bears announced that Conte recently underwent shoulder surgery in March and was projected to miss the next 4–5 months and training camp.

Head coach Marc Trestman opted to retain Conte as the starter, along with strong safety Ryan Mundy, to start the regular season.

[28] On September 13, 2014, Conte was fined $22,050 for a helmet-to-helmet hit he delivered on wide receiver Robert Woods during the fourth quarter of their loss to the Bills.

Head coach Lovie Smith named Conte the backup free safety, behind Bradley McDougald, to begin the 2015 regular season.

He intercepted a pass thrown by quarterback Drew Brees, that was initially intended for wide receiver Brandin Cooks, and was in the process of being tackled for a two-yard loss when he quickly lateraled the ball to cornerback Alterraun Verner.

[38] In Week 11, Conte recorded a season-high ten combined tackles (seven solo), broke up a pass, and made an interception during a 45–17 victory at the Philadelphia Eagles.

[40] Conte completed the 2015 season with a total of 79 combined tackles (59 solo), six pass deflections, two forced fumbles and two interceptions in 14 games and 13 starts.

[17] On January 6, 2016, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers fired head coach Lovie Smith after they finished last in the NFC South Division with a 6–10 record.

On November 13, 2016, Conte recorded seven combined tackles, broke up a pass, and returned an interception for his first career touchdown during the Buccaneers' 36–10 victory against his former team, the Chicago Bears, in Week 10.

[45] He intercepted a pass thrown by quarterback Jay Cutler, that was intended for tight end Logan Paulsen, and returned it for a 20-yard touchdown in the first quarter.