The band's origin dates back to the mid-19th century when some of the pupils requested that instruments be purchased to enliven their marching drill.

The treasurer of Christ's Hospital agreed and, with money from his own pocket, purchased a few instruments and paid the salary of the first band master.

At the end of each academic year, the band puts on a marching display (known as beating retreat) in the school's main quadrangle, consisting of intricate movements in quick and slow time as well as static pieces.

The band led the procession at the Queen's 80th birthday in London on 21 April 2006 and has played at Twickenham Stadium on a number of occasions.

On 12 June 2016, the Christ's Hospital Band performed at the Patron's Lunch, a celebration of the Queen’s lifetime dedicated to the patronage of more than 600 charities and organisations.