In 1711, Francis Alexander, the last Prince of Nassau-Hadamar had died and his territory had been divided among the surviving Ottonian lines of Nassau: Nassau-Dietz, Nassau-Dillenburg and Nassau-Siegen.
Initially, the rule of Nassau-Siegen was taken of by Emmanuel Ignaz (1688-1735), a younger half-brother of William Hyacinth, who had been deposed in 1707.
After Emmanuel Ignaz died in 1735, Nassau-Siegen was divided by the remaining Ottonian lines: Nassau-Dietz and Nassau-Dillenburg.
Prince Christian died of a catarrhus suffocativus attack on 28 August 1739 in Straßebersbach (now part of Dietzhölztal).
In 1725, Christian married Isabella Charlotte, the daughter of Henry Casimir II of Nassau-Dietz.