He studied medicine in Vienna, receiving his doctorate in 1841 with a dissertation titled, De systemate Intermedio vasorum eiusque radicibus.
In Vienna, he was influenced by the work of anatomist Christian Joseph Berres (1796–1844).
Voigt was a member of the Vienna Academy of Sciences.
[1][2] Voigt is remembered for his anatomical investigations of the hair and skin.
It is described as a dorsoventral line of pigmentation occurring symmetrically and bilaterally for about ten centimeters along the lateral edge of the biceps.