His father was the lawyer and Court of Appeals judge, Christian Gerhard Overbeck.
[1] After studying law and obtaining his Doctorate, he became a lawyer and notary in 1843.
During his tenure, he served as President of the Churchyard and Funeral Commission (1873–1880), the Deputation for the Poor (1871–1876) and the City Land Office (1878–1880).
His collection of paintings and drawings by Friedrich Overbeck (his uncle) and Theodor Rehbenitz (his aunt's husband) was bequeathed to the city of Lübeck.
[3] The poet and Bürgermeister, Christian Adolph Overbeck, was his grandfather.