Christoph Theodor Aeby (25 February 1835 – 7 July 1885) was a Swiss anatomist, anthropologist, and academic.

His main scientific interest was comparative anatomy and his studies were said to be facilitated by a large collection of bones, which he assembled in Bern.

[4] Some of his noted students include the surgeons Stefania Berlinerblau[5] and César Roux.

He performed research of microcephaly, publishing Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Mikrocephalie (1874) as a result.

[6] He also demonstrated the influence of atmospheric pressure on the several joints of the human body, and conducted significant studies involving the upper respiratory tract.