Stefania Berlinerblau

[3] An account cited that during this period, Berlinerblau was a strong sympathizer of Prince Pyotr Kropotkin, Sergey Stepnyak-Kravchinskii, and other Russian revolutionaries.

[5] In 1873, Tsar Alexander II banned women from studying in Zurich forcing her to transfer to Berlin where she completed her medical training.

[6] To obtain her medical degree at the Bern Institute of Anatomy, she completed her dissertation on the blood circulation in mammals under the guidance of Christoph Theodor Aeby.

[1] Her method involved the tracing of the substances' movements from arteries to veins using dyes, which ultimately led to a demonstration of the artery-vein connections.

[1] She completed her degree in 1875, the same year she published her work on blood circulation in the journal Archiv für Anatomi und Physiologie.

[1] This publication, entitled Three Cases of Complete Prolapsus Uteri Operated upon According to the Method of Léon Le Fort, detailed her successful surgical correction of uterine prolapse.

The New England Hospital for Women and Children was the only hospital in Boston that accepted female physicians during Berlinerblau's time.