Christopher was the second son of Margrave Frederick VII Magnus of Baden-Durlach and Augusta Marie of Holstein-Gottorp (born February 6, 1649 – † April 25, 1728), daughter of the Duke Frederick III of Holstein-Gottorp.

He was the brother of the ruling Margrave Charles III William, who reigned from 1709 till 1738.

On 4 December 1711, Christopher of Baden-Durlach married with Marie Christine Felizitas (December 30, 1692 – June 3, 1734), a daughter of Johann Karl August, Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg-Heidesheim and Countess Johanna Magdalene of Hanau-Lichtenberg.

The couple had the following children: After Christopher's early death, his widow married Duke John William III of Saxe-Eisenach in 1727.

Since two of his sons married morganatically and one remained single, this branch of the family could not contribute to the preservation of the House of Baden-Durlach, when the conflicts began over the legitimacy of the descendants of Grand Duke Charles Frederick from the morganatic marriage to Luise Caroline Geyer von Geyersberg.