Owing to its extreme northerly location the Bolshaya Chukochya freezes up in early October and remains icebound until June.

There are study sites near the Bolshaya Chukochya in order to investigate the mineral transformations in the soils affected by permafrost.

There are more than 11,500 lakes in the Bolshaya Chukochya basin, totaling an area of 3,600 km2 (1,400 sq mi).

A great variety of birds, such as Siberian cranes, waders and sandpipers, make their habitat in this riverine area.

[7] Fossil insects, early Pleistocene equids and mammoths have been found in the basin of the Bolshaya Chukochya.