The Church of the Third Order of Our Lady of the Rosary of the Black People (Portuguese: Igreja da Ordem Terceira de Nossa Senhora do Rosário dos Pretos) is an 18th-century Roman Catholic church in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.

[2][3][4] Slaves and freeman, like the Portuguese, organized themselves into brotherhoods, confraternities, or mutual aid societies, known as irmandades or confrarias.

Slaves and freedman worshiped at a side altar of Our Lady of the Rosary in the Basilica of the Immaculate Conception, Salvador from the beginning of the seventeenth century.

[5][6] The Brotherhood of Our Lady of the Rosary of Salvador first received the consent of the Jesuit provincial João Pereira and statutory confirmation by Archbishop of Salvador da Bahia João da Madre de Deus Araújo (1621-1686) in 1685.

Our Lady of the Rosary was the subject of particular devotion to slaves and freedmen of African descent in colonial Brazil.

Membership to the Brotherhood was strictly limited by an agreement with the Archbishop to Africans born south of the Equator, referred to as Banto; there were generally from Congo and Mozambique.

The Brotherhood petitioned the crown in Lisbon in 1786 to celebrate the mass using "masks, dances in the Angolan language with the relevant instruments, songs, and praises", as was done "in many countries of Christendom."

The interior of the church was renovated in the late 19th century; two new altars in the Neoclassical style were added, in addition to numerous paintings.

[5][4] The Church of the Rosary of the Blacks is an imposing structure accessed from the sloping Rua do Carmo by a patio.

The façade has a central body of two floors, crowned by a pediment of gable wreaths, and flanked by bell towers whose finish has superimposed bulbs covered with tiles.

[6][3][5] The design of the facade, built after 1780, is attributed to the master craftsman Caetano José da Costa.