[citation needed] Before the first European settlers arrived, the Comanche and several other Native American tribes lived in Cibolo.

[6] The community first established when the Southern Pacific Railroad cut through the area en route to major cities such as Houston and San Antonio.

In 1877, the Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio Railway station serving the area was called Cibolo Valley.

[9] Beginning in the 21st century, Cibolo has experienced high levels of growth, increasing 733% since 2000, when the population was 3,035 people.

A small portion of the city, south of West Schaefer Road, crosses a bend of Cibolo Creek to enter Bexar County.

[13] In 2007, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) completed a study for a possible FM 1103 extension in Cibolo south to I-10.

In 2015, with explosive development in the FM 1103 area continuing, the Cibolo City Council stated they wanted to investigate options to build the extension and it formed a blue-ribbon committee of citizens to study the matter.

In 2017, the Cibolo City Council approved an agreement with the Texas Turnpike Corporation (TTC) to move forward with the project.

In the agreement, the City of Cibolo would own the road, while TTC would finance the design, construction, maintenance, and operation of the estimated $125 million and roughly 11-mile roadway.

By the mid-2010s, Cibolo was one of the fastest-growing small cities in the United States,[21] experiencing a nearly 900% increase in population since 2000 and growing from 3,000 to the current estimate of about 30,000 residents.

Actual figures are disputed, however, due to such a huge explosion of population in such a short period of time.

This has caused problems in the city, due to such unanticipated growth making developments difficult to keep up with the rapidly increasing population, and a limited amount of land.

The city has a mayor and seven council members elected for three-year terms, with a two-term maximum.

Council members' duties include enacting local legislation (ordinances), adopting budgets, determining policies, and appointing the city manager, secretary, and attorney.

Schertz-Cibolo-Universal City Independent School District (SCUCISD) serves Cibolo students and families.