A circumfix (abbr: CIRC)[1] (also parafix,[2] confix, or ambifix) is an affix which has two parts, one placed at the start of a word, and the other at the end.
[4] Its related operation is called circumfixation (or parafixation, confixation, ambifixation).
The circumfix is probably most widely known from the German past participle, which is ge-⟩...⟨-t (ge- prefix + -t suffix) for regular verbs.
Instead, all modern Japonic languages and dialects express the prohibitive with a suffixal particle na (which is probably related to the prefixal part of the Old Japanese construction) attached to a non-past form of the verb; e.g., Tōkyō Japanese kaku-na, Kyōto Japanese kaku-na, Kagoshima Japanese kaʔ-na or kan-na, Hachijō kaku-na, Yamatohama Amami kʰakʰu-na, Nakijin Kunigami hḁkˀu:-na, Shuri Okinawan kaku-na, Irabu Miyakoan kafï-na, Hateruma Yaeyaman hḁku-na, and Yonaguni kʰagu-n-na (all ′don't write!′).
(In both cases, the comparative form is produced using the suffix without the prefix: mladší "younger"; nagyobb "bigger".)