[1] Joseph E McGrath modified the circumplex model of emotions to include group dynamics, based on the work of Shaw, Carter, Hackman, Steiner, Shiflett, Taylor, Lorge, Davis, Laughlin, and others.
[3] Social psychological researchers have attempted to organize these commonalities, in order to further understand the genuine nature of group processes.
For instance, social psychological research indicates that there are numerous goal-related interactions and activities that groups of all sizes undertake .
These interactions have been categorized by Robert F. Bales, who spent his entire life attempting to find an answer to the question, "What do people do when they are in groups?".
[5] As intended, McGrath's model effectively organizes all group-related activities by distinguishing between four basic group goals.
More specifically, Straus and McGrath (1994)[7] state that the horizontal dimension of the circumplex model of group tasks reflects the extent to which a task entails cognitive versus behavioural performance requirements whereas the vertical dimension reflects the extent and form of interdependence among members.