U.S. Route 41 (North Florida Avenue) runs through the CDP, leading southeast 15 miles (24 km) to Inverness, the Citrus County seat, and north 3 miles (5 km) to Dunnellon in Marion County.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Citrus Springs has a total area of 21.2 square miles (54.8 km2); all land.

(Elkcam Boulevard, a prominent street in Citrus Springs, is "Mackle" spelled backwards.)

Many abandoned mines exist in the Withlacoochee River basin, with a concentration of those within Citrus Springs.

Many of those mines were part of the Dunnellon Phosphate company, headed by Capt John L. Inglis, a veteran of the Civil War.

Areas in northeastern Citrus Springs were part of a proposed but unbuilt portion of the Cross Florida Barge Canal to aid the transportation of the mineral.

[citation needed] The Withlacoochee State Trail, a 46-mile (74 km) bike riding trail which was converted from the railroad lines built in the early 1900s, runs through Citrus Springs, in places parallel to US 41.