Many initiatives exist today on various indicators (quality, performance and life) and on normalization of trade.
Cities can usefully be described as complex systems since their components interact and co-determine their future.
Resilience is the key to also ensure continuity of services in the city at any time of crisis.
Two major vectors through the development of the city, the need, its uses and functions, and chance, hazard and risk.
The city should be adaptive, learning, evolving, robust, autonomous, self-repairing, and self-reproducing.