(October 3, 1893 in Providence, Rhode Island – December 20, 1958 in New York City) was a prominent psychiatrist and psychoanalyst and co-founder of the William Alanson White Institute.
In 1916, she went on to earn her Doctor of Medicine at Johns Hopkins University, initially interested in becoming a medical missionary before pursuing a career in psychoanalysis.
She interned at the New York Infirmary for Women and Children, and she completed her residency in psychiatry at The Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clinic at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1925.
Thompson divided the development of psychoanalysis into four periods: In theory and practice, she emphasized and analyzed what went on between people to facilitate the growth of a human relationship.
In her paper, "The Different Schools of Psychoanalysis" (1957), Thompson notes some of the basic concepts of Freud, Adler, Jung, Rank, Ferenczi, Horney, Sullivan and Fromm.
She concludes that, despite the differences between these approaches to the field of ego psychology, all these writers are aiming at "the creation of a science of man built on the foundation Freud has laid.
Thompson considered the status of women in relation to men in regard to its fluctuate development in the course of the centuries and in different cultures and societies.