Monteil's mother, Josiane Serre, was a chemist who became the director of the École normale supérieure de jeunes filles.

[1] Her father is Fields Medal and Abel Prize winning mathematician Jean-Pierre Serre.

Monteil is one of the founders of the French women's rights movement in 1970 and one of the signatories of the Manifesto of the 343.

She has been working at the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs on different issues, including the relations between France and institutions of the United Nations as, among others, UNICEF, UNFPA, and UNESCO.

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