Claus Christoffersen Lyschander (also Lyscander, Lyskander; 1558–1623/4) was a Danish poet and historian.
A native of Nørre Vram, Skåne, Denmark (now in Bjuv Municipality, Sweden), his boyhood was affected by the Northern Seven Years' War, some of his older siblings and his mother fell victim to the epidemics which accompanied the war.
Lyschander was made pastor of Herfølge and Sædder parishes, one of the more prestigious positions in Zealand, where he replaced Jon Jakobsen Venusinus whom he later also succeeded as Royal Historian.
He was appointed Royal Historian (kongelig historiograf) by Christian IV in 1616, charged with compiling a national historiography of Denmark "after Saxo" (i.e. covering the 13th century onward).
In 1619, Lyschander presented a draft version of his Synopsis Historiae Danicae, which was published in 1622 (now known under the title of Danske Kongers Slægtebog "Genealogy of the Danish kings").