Brookville and Phillipsburg also have a dedicated police force for their respective communities.

The township is served by the following public school districts: Interstate 70 crosses Clay Township east-west in the south and the National Road (US-40) crosses east–west just north of I-70.

OH-49, also known as Dayton-Greenville Pike is a main north–south connector from Greenville to the north in Darke County to I-70.

Clay Township has established a Joint Economic Development District (a "JEDD") with the neighboring city of Clayton at the intersection of Interstate 70 and OH-49.

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.