The station was opened in 1896 by the Lancashire, Derbyshire and East Coast Railway on its main line from Chesterfield to Lincoln.

The station was at the eastern end of Fledborough Viaduct, which crosses the River Trent.

The station buildings and Stationmaster's house were all built in the company's distinctive architectural style,[3][4][5] which had clear echoes at Arkwright Town, Bolsover South and Warsop, to name but three.

Today the trackbed eastwards from the site of Fledborough Station, across Fledborough Viaduct, through Clifton to Doddington & Harby forms an off-road part of National Cycle Route 647 which is part of the National Cycle Network.

From Harby onwards through the site of Skellingthorpe almost to Pyewipe Junction the trackbed forms an off-road part of National Cycle Route 64.