Climate change in Finland
The policies include nature conservation, more investments in trains, changes in taxation and more sustainable wood burning.
The largest factors explaining the growth in emissions between 2015 and 2016 were the increase in coal consumption and the decline in the proportion of biofuels used in transport.
[2] Approximately 60% of Finland's anthropogenic methane emissions—3.17 MMTCO2e—come from agriculture (manure management), municipal solid waste and natural gas and oil systems.
The district heating used 42% of hard coal in average 1990–2006, but its annual variation was small compared to the industry separate electricity generation.
[8] Other coal: coke, blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, coal tar, and other non-specified coal Oil: Heavy fuel oil, light fuel oil and other oil Natural gas Fossil traffic fuels: motor petrol, diesel and aviation petrol Biomass: black liquor and wood Greenhouse gas emissions in the Helsinki region in 2017 were 5 million tn CO2, including transportation, 1.4 million tn and heating, 2.6 million tn.
[11] Year 2017 climate gas emissions compared to 1990 were in Helsinki - 24%, Espoo + 8%, Vantaa +2% and Kauniainen -9%.
[17] Peatland drainage destroys the habitat of many species, and heavily fuels climate change.
[18] In conflict with the EU, IEA and IPCC reports Finnish Ministry of Trade and Industry claim that peat is renewable energy.
[20] The director of the state-owned research institute VTT, Satu Helynen, had close connections with the peat industry in 2010.
Digging ditches in peatland fields in Finland created 6 million tons of CO2 emissions annually.
Digging ditches in forest lands in Finland results in 7 million tons of CO2 emission annually.
[26] In the Kyoto agreement Sweden was permitted lower emission decline targets based on nuclear power phase-out.
Fortum aims to invest 15 percent in a controversial Finnish nuclear power plant to be built by Rosatom, the Russian state-owned energy company.
Russia had the interest to build and share own a nuclear plant in Finland in 2014 during the 2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine and 2014 Crimean crisis.
Finnish traffic warming emissions (million tonnes CO2) were:[28][29] In the Katainen Cabinet, minister Merja Kyllönen asked a leader of the multinational oil and gas company Royal Dutch Shell representative as head of the committee to give recommendations for the future traffic policy in Finland.
Jyrki Katainen suggested in December 2014 that the EU should fund a liquefied natural gas terminal in Finland.
Finland's biggest energy firm, Fortum, became the largest owner of a heavily polluting German company Uniper.
Climate Action Network (CAN) Europe claimed that due to its stake in Uniper, Fortum is involved in energy production that is linked to hundreds of premature deaths annually in Europe and sets back efforts to slow climate change.
[42] Between 2010 and March 2019, there were 102 days with record daily temperatures reported, clearly more than at any time in the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s (FMI) measurement history.
[47] The month of July 2018 in Finland had the highest-ever temperatures recorded by the Finnish Meteorological Institute, founded in 1838.
The winter precipitation is predicted to increase, which in short term may lead to increasing levels of snow in the northern and central parts of Finland, but long term, it might lead to a diminished snow cover in the entire country.
[57] Finland, and especially the northern rural parts of the country, has a variety of nature-based tourism attractions, such as downhill skiing, snowmobiling, and dog sledding.
About 97% of the Finnish population takes part in recreational activities, and about 40% participates in nature-based tourism.
[57] With warmer temperatures, winter precipitation may fall as rain to a greater extent than at present day, which could decrease the snow cover depth and lead to icy surfaces, hindering movement and changing the aesthetics of the landscape.
The entrepreneurs arranging snowmobiling and dog sledding, are considered vulnerable since their activities require large areas and plenty of snow.
The concept of Finland is a winter wonderland and the home of Santa Claus means that entrepreneurs depend on snowy landscapes, building great expectations among tourists.
[57] Population growth in the biggest Finnish cities from 1990 to 2017 was: Espoo 62%, Oulu 48%, Vantaa 44% Tampere 34%, and Helsinki >31 %.
[59] The Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC's) are the plans to fight climate change adapted for each country.
[60] Every party in the agreement has different goals based on its own historical climate records and country's circumstances.
On average Finland's climate target imply a 25% carbon emission decline in each sector during each parliament period.
