Clotilde-Camille Deflandre

Clotilde-Camille Deflandre (November 21, 1871 – June 7, 1946) was a French scientist primarily known for her discovery with her mentor Paul Carnot of Hémopoïétine" (erythropoietin).

Her father, Gustave Edouard Deflandre (1851-1909) was a railroad employee, a composer of religious music, and an organist at Dom Rue Simart 3 in Paris.

Conversely, white skin grafted to a black area in due course blackens.” He formulated the hypothesis that differentiated cells in the adult organism “breed true and preserve forever in cellular inheritance their specificity of histological type", an important concept that led to the further development of tissue transplantation.

Deflandre received a docteur-ès-sciences from the University of Lille on “Fonction adipogénique du foie dans la série animale” (The adipogenic function of the liver in a series of animals) again with Carnot and Gilbert in Paris.

She also examined the ability of a fatty liver to repair damage from drugs such as cocaine[5] After working as a school teacher at the Collège de Jeunes Filles in Rouen, Mlle.

These articles laid the intellectual foundation for the entire field of growth factors—that is proteins that are produced at one site and act on a distant target cell population.

However, in 1947 Eva Bonsdorff and colleagues were able to reproduce the initial findings of Carnot and Deflandre and renamed the active substance erythropoietin.

[10] World-wide sales of recombinant erythropoietin were around $7 billion in 2012[11] Late in her career and after her marriage to Dr. Léon Dufour, Deflandre began a collaboration with Gaston Roussel (1877-1947) at the Roussel-Uclaf laboratories,[12] one of the forerunner companies of Sanofi.

[13] Gaston and Deflandre (as Dufour-Deflandre) published a series of studies on the mineral content of embryonic materials as part of the continuing work of the Roussel laboratories to isolate active agents from organs for clinical use, again guided by the principles of opotherapy.

He was the founder of the “Goutte de lait” (Drop of milk), an organization that devised safer methods of infant feeding to reduce childhood mortality[17][18] Dufour died on May 23, 1928.