[4] As of 14 October 2015, CIL's market capitalisation stood at ₹2.11 lakh crore (US$24 billion) making it India's 8th most valuable company.

This was to fulfill the fast growing energy requirements in the country to support rapid industrialization taking place through Five-Year Plans of the Government.

In 1971, the Government of India nationalized all the 214 coking-coal mines and 12 coke-ovens running in the private sector, excluding those held by TISCO and IISCO for their captive use.

On 1 January 1972, a new Government company Bharat Coking Coal Limited (BCCL) was formed to take control of these nationalized mines and coke-ovens.

[23] On the first day of its listing on the stock market, its shares soared 40% higher than IPO price.

CIL's only Low Temperature Carbonisation Plant of Dankuni Coal Complex is currently run on lease basis by its subsidiary SECL.

In addition to above, it also manages 200 other establishments like workshops, hospitals, training institutes, mine-rescue setups, etc.

CMPDIL also provides consulting services to third-party market clients in the field of exploration, mining, allied engineering & testing, management-systems, training, etc.

The North Eastern Coalfields (NEC) and Dankuni Coal Complex (DCC) are owned directly by the parent holding company of CIL.

Coal India reported a rise of almost 46% in its net profit for the quarter ended 31 March 2022 in consolidated terms.

India's biggest coal miner had posted a consolidated net profit of ₹4,586.78 crore in the year-ago period.

[9] In its annual report CIL informed that it has planted around 82 million trees over an area of around 33700 Ha.

[30] Coal India is implementing 8 pumped storage projects with the help of NHPC by converting all de-coaled mines.

[31] In September 2011, CAG criticised CIL for operating 239 mines in seven coal producing subsidiaries, which existed prior to 1994, without environmental clearance.

The company, in its reply, said that applications for clearances to the projects have already been submitted to the Ministry of Environment and Forests.

The company, along with other Indian buyers, has been criticized for contributing to the surge in imports of Russian coal, which reached 5.2 million tonnes from January to August 2024—a 53% year-on-year increase.

[40] Critics argue that this trade not only undermines global efforts to isolate Russia but also indirectly supports a regime engaged in ongoing aggression and human rights violations in Ukraine.

The decision to maintain business ties with Russia has drawn scrutiny for prioritizing economic gains over ethical considerations.