Other orientations can occur in error coins when the images on the obverse or reverse dies are rotated from their intended orientations.
For a medal to display properly, when the obverse of the medal is right side up, a left or right turn must show the reverse also to be right side up.
Thus, the tops of the obverse and reverse share the same position.
In Britain, this is sometimes called "British turnover".
The concept originated as a western style that was adopted by countries like Japan in the late 19th century.