Fall sports are boys' and girls' soccer, football, cross country running,field hockey, and volleyball.

Winter sports are boys' and girls' basketball, ice hockey (the girls' team is combined with neighboring Burlington High School), Nordic skiing, dance, alpine skiing and wrestling.

Spring sports are baseball, softball, tennis, golf, croquet, ultimate, lacrosse, and boys' and girls' track and field.

It first played 11 man football in 2002 and won the Vermont Division II State championship in 2009, going undefeated with a record of 11–0.

The Colchester women's soccer team won the 2023 Division I state championship.