Collaborative virtual environments are used for collaboration and interaction of possibly many participants that may be spread over large distances.
Typical examples are distributed simulations, 3D multiplayer games, collaborative engineering software, collaborative learning applications,[1] and others.
The applications are usually based on the shared virtual environment.
One classification is introduced in [2] based on several criteria, like centralized/distributed architecture, type of replication, and performance and consistency properties.
Four types of consistency models were described, covering the most frequently used types of collaborative virtual environment architecture: Collaborative virtual environment architectures: