Collective agreement coverage or union representation refers to the proportion of people in a country population whose terms and conditions at work are made by collective bargaining, between an employer and a trade union, rather than by individual contracts.
This is invariably higher than the union membership rate, because collective agreements almost always protect non-members in a unionised workplace.
Certainly, the causes of higher or lower collective bargaining coverage can vary and are subject to debate.
Some common factors that are often identified as influencing the extent of collective bargaining coverage include: These factors interact in complex ways and can vary significantly across countries and regions, contributing to ongoing debates about the causes and consequences of collective bargaining coverage levels.
In the five largest states, California has 15.9% union membership, Texas 4.5%, Florida 6.8%, New York 24.7% (the highest in the country), and Illinois had 15.2%.