[2] The coal deposit that form the mine was purchased from the Government of Zambia by Xu Jianxue and his four brothers from Jiangxi province of China in 2000.

[3] The October 15[2] protests centred around miner's request for higher pay..[1] In August 2012 , 200 protestors (including miners, and their friends and families) protested for higher wages and improvements to mine safety.

[1] Protestors attacked a Chinese manager, complaining that he had replaced striking workers.

[1] They also killed Wu Shengzai and injured two other Chinese workers by deliberately pushing a trolley towards them.

[1][3] In February 2012, the Government of Zambia nationalised the mine, citing safety concerns and unpaid taxes.