If a policeman exercises color-of-law authority to arrest a person without probable cause, the arrest was effected in violation of the law; the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) investigate formal accusations against policemen and policewomen who have acted beyond the scope of their lawful authority and so violated the civil rights of a citizen.
[2] The Supreme Court's interpretations of the U.S. Constitution have derived laws that regulate the actions of the police.
[2] The deprivation of rights under color of law is a federal criminal offense which occurs when any person, under color of any law, statute, ordinance, regulation, or custom, willfully subjects any person on any U.S. territory or possession to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured or protected by the Constitution or laws of the United States, or to different punishments, pains, or penalties, on account of such person being an alien, or by reason of his color, or race, than are prescribed for the punishment of citizens (18 U.S.C. § 242).
The Torrens system operates on the principle of "title by registration" in which the act of registering an interest in land in a state-operated registry creates an indefeasible title in the registrant, which, like the land patent, can be challenged only in very limited circumstances.
[5] The tort of false light involves a misappropriation or "major misrepresentation" of a person's "character, history, activities or belief".
[6] Some bodies of law also explicitly mention the estate of a person; false claims of nobility are most common.