The position is responsible for managing the Colorado State Treasury and the Colorado Department of the Treasury, a principal department of the state's government.

The Colorado State Treasury currently manages a pool of investments worth about $6,000,000,000.

The position is one of five officials elected statewide in Colorado, along with the positions of Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State and Attorney General.

The current Colorado State Treasurer is Dave Young, a Democrat first elected in 2018 for a four-year term beginning on January 8, 2019.

He was reelected to the position in 2022 for another four-year term.