Colored Hockey League

[4][5][6][7] The league was founded in 1895 in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada by a group of four black Baptist leaders and black intellectuals: Pastor James Borden of Dartmouth Church, James A.R Kinney, lawyer and community leader James Robinson Johnston, and lawyer and Pan-African organizer Henry Sylvester Williams.

[8] The league was constructed to attract young black men to Sunday worship with the promise of a hockey game between rival churches after the services.

[9] At its zenith, the league had teams in seven communities in Nova Scotia and one in Prince Edward Island, the West End Rangers from The Bog in Charlottetown.

[9] With as many as a dozen teams, over 400 Black Canadian players from across Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island participated in competition.

[9][13] The history of the league is profiled in Darril Fosty and George Fosty's 2004 non-fiction book Black Ice: The Lost History of the Colored Hockey League of the Maritimes, 1895-1925, 2014 book Tribes: An International Hockey History, which expands on their previous work, and in Hubert Davis's 2022 documentary film Black Ice.