Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation[1] is an official appointed by the State Duma, the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia, to consider complaints of Russian and foreign citizens and stateless persons on Russia's territory of against decisions or actions of state bodies and officials.

On 22 November 1991, the Supreme Soviet, then parliament of Russia, adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, Article 40 of which provided for the creation of the office of the Parliamentary Commissioner for Human Rights, and it was stated that they should be "appointed by the Supreme Soviet for a term of five years, accountable to it and enjoys the same immunity, as the people's deputy of the RSFSR".

[5] In March 1995, the State Duma revoked the decision on the Kovalyov's appointment and the post of the Commissioner remained vacant for the next three years.

A citizen of the Russian Federation, at least 35 years old, who has knowledge in the field of human and civil rights and freedoms, and experience in protecting them, could be appointed to the post of the Commissioner.

On 22 June 2018, activist Andrei Kiselyov came to the reception room of the Ombudsman's Office and staged a single picket at the entrance in support of the arrested defendants in the "New Greatness" case [ru].

There, a protocol was drawn up on him under Article 20.2 of the Code on Administrative Offenses for holding an unauthorized single picket during the FIFA World Cup.