[12] "We are doing everything possible to give work this new status as a social duty and to link it on the one hand with the development of technology, which will create the conditions for greater freedom, and on the other hand with voluntary work based on the Marxist appreciation that one truly reaches a full human condition when no longer compelled to produce by the physical necessity to sell oneself as a commodity.
"Commodity-trade, Marx argues, historically begins at the boundaries of separate economic communities based otherwise on a non-commercial form of production.
This process goes together with the increased use of money, and the aim of merchants, bankers and renters becomes to gain income from the trade, by acting as intermediaries between producers and consumers.
These often include the following ten (10) main ones: Thus, the "commodification" of a good or service often involves a considerable practical accomplishment in trade.
For practical purposes, prices are, however, usually preferable to labour-hours, as units of account, although in capitalist work processes the two are related to each other (see labor power).
It is possible to extend the Marxian circuit schema's to portray the more complex sequences of phases in international trade and finance.
This type of representation was pioneered by the French Marxian economist Christian Palloix in his study of multinational firms in the early 1970s.
Since no one agency can control or regulate the myriad of transactions that occur (apart from blocking some trade here, and permitting it there), the whole of production falls under the sway of the law of value, and economics becomes a science aiming to understand market behaviour, i.e. the aggregate effects of a multitude of people interacting in markets.
Prices of production are established jointly by average input costs and by the ruling profit margins applying to outputs sold.
They reflect the fact that production has become totally integrated into the circuits of commodity trade, in which capital accumulation becomes the dominant motive.
Both commodity and commodification play an important role in the critical approaches to the political economy of communication, e.g.: Prodnik, Jernej (2012).