[3] Navigation, i.e. air navigation, refers to the process of planning, recording, and controlling the movement of an aircraft from one place to another by providing accurate, reliable and seamless position determination capability.
[2][4] Surveillance systems are used by air traffic control to determine the position of aircraft.
Aircraft information, which may include position from GNSS or other means is determined on board and then transmitted to ATC in response to interrogation.
[2][3] Other cooperative systems such as ADS-B rely on aircraft transmitting their position and other information without interrogation from the ground.
Non-cooperative systems: Under this form of surveillance, systems on the ground (such as PSR) are able to locate the aircraft and measure its position from the ground by transmitting pulses of radio waves which reflect off the aircraft's hull.