Communication apprehension

[6] McCroskey and Beatty argue that some people have a higher vulnerability factor for communication apprehension due to genetics, also known as communibiology.

[11] Many researchers oppose this idea and argue that it cannot be solely inherited but rather a personality trait acquired; therefore, it can be changed.

[12][11] Meaning that this type of communication apprehension can be improved with practice and other techniques; however, it will not be eliminated since it is inherited.

[6] There are other contexts that can create a similar response such as speaking in front of class, small group discussions, or meetings.

[5] Audience anxiety is when a specific individual or group of people creates a problem on communication, or a reverse reaction.

[6] At the beginning of a speech class, the students tend to be fearful since they see new faces which increases the levels of communication apprehension.

[10] This anxiety is triggered by a special combination of audience and context that involves different dimensions and creates a unique scenario.

A dissertation [14] written by a doctoral candidate studied the effect of peer practice on high school students.

The study showed that peer practice was statistically significant in reducing overall CA in high school students.

This study also showed the benefits of tutoring while also using peer practice which is also another way the speaker can receive feedback and improve on their speech so their anxiety level will be lowered.

Virtual Reality Therapy is a technology that enables users to enter computer-generated worlds and interact with them through sight, sound, and touch.

[21] However, Hsiao[22] and Bankole,[23] who utilized this tool in foreign countries, have suggested that modifications to the PRCA-24 would make it more appropriate for non-western cultures.

Results of administration of the PRCA-24 in a variety of contexts generally reveal public speaking to be the mode of oral communication which generating the highest levels of apprehension.

[27] It is often shown in the form of influent and unnatural or inappropriate verbal and nonverbal behaviors, all reflecting their CA.