[1] These disturbances can range from vague linguistic references, contradictory statements to more encompassing non-verbal problems at the level of turn-taking.
The term was originally introduced by Lyman Wynne and Margaret Singer in 1963 to describe a communication style found among parents who had children with schizophrenia.
[2] According to Wynne, people are able to focus their attention and identify meaning from external stimuli beginning with their interactions, particularly with their parents, during their early years of life.
[6] But, some research shows that CD may be more likely to be associated with specific cognitive disorganization rather than the criteria of schizophrenia, like DSM-III or DSM-II.
Some researchers theorize that, in the case of a high degree of egocentric communication in parents where the sender and the receiver do not speak and listen according to each other's premises, the child develops uncertainty.
[10] The research of psychiatrists and psychoanalysts Lyman Wynne and Theodore Lidz on communication deviance and roles (e.g., pseudo-mutuality, pseudo-hostility, schism and skew) in families of people with schizophrenia also became influential with systems-communications-oriented theorists and therapists.
[11][12] When talking to people with CD, it is difficult to follow and make consistent sharing of attention and meaning.
Studies show that CD is associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders history in the family, among their parents and siblings.