[2] Initially based in Guangzhou, southern China, the League created publications that were clandestinely smuggled into Vietnam.

It was marred by factionalism that mirrored the struggle between Joseph Stalin and Nikolai Bukharin then going on in Moscow.

Inspired by Stalin's call for communist separatism, Trần Văn Cung, head of league's Tonkin section, led a walkout by a group of delegates.

[4] The party was led by a five-member "special branch", including Châu Vǎn Liêm (Secretary), Nguyễn Thiệu, Lê Hồng Sơn, Hồ Tùng Mậu,... and Le Quang Dat.

[5] On October 27, 1929, Comintern issued a letter criticizing the CPA, praising the ICP, and directing that a conference be held to reunite the parties.