The Communist Party of Transnistria (KPP; Romanian: Partidul Comunist din Nistrenia, Moldovan Cyrillic: Партидул Комунист дин Нистрения; Russian: Коммунистическая партия Приднестровья; Ukrainian: Комуністична партія Придністров'я) was a communist party in Transnistria, led by Vladimir Gavrilchenko.

The Communist Party of Transnistria maintains close contacts with groups in Russia.

It was affiliated with the Communist Party of the Soviet Union led by Oleg Shenin, and it usually refers to itself by its abbreviation KPP-KPSS.

It supported independent statehood for Transnistria and opposed the administration of President Igor Smirnov.

After results of the first round were announced on 12 December 2011, and it became obvious that acting president Igor Smirnov lost the elections, Vladimir Gavrilchenko with other supporters appeared on the special meeting of the People's Union and called to nullify the results of the elections, to change the composition of the Central Elections Commission and to introduce a state of emergency in Transnistria in order to give Smirnov the ability to remain in power.