Finding ψ(G) is an optimization problem.
The decision problem for complete coloring can be phrased as: Determining the achromatic number is NP-hard; determining if it is greater than a given number is NP-complete, as shown by Yannakakis and Gavril in 1978 by transformation from the minimum maximal matching problem.
For any fixed k, it is possible to determine whether the achromatic number of a given graph is at least k, in linear time.
[5] For complements of trees, the achromatic number can be computed in polynomial time.
[3] The achromatic number of an n-dimensional hypercube graph is known to be proportional to