In these types of samples, over 30000 different compounds could be identified in a crude oil with this comprehensive chromatography technology (CCT).
Comprehensive chromatography is used in forensics, food and flavor, environmental, metabolomics, biomarkers and clinical applications.
Some of the most well-established research groups in the world that are found in Australia,[3][4] Italy,[5] the Netherlands, Canada,[6] United States,[7][8] and Brazil use this analytical technique.
There are also different versions of thermal modulators based on what is used to cool the cold jet (a stream of dry gas, usually air or nitrogen).
Alternatively, consumable-free thermal modulators are available that use a closed cycle refrigeration unit to cool the cold jet.
[12] The modulation process causes the chromatographic bands in GC × GC systems are 10-50 times closer than in 1D-GC, resulting in values for much better peak widths (FWHM Full Width Half Mass) between 50 ms to 500 ms, which requires detectors with fast response and small internal volumes.
For applications that require the analysis of polar compounds in a non-polar matrix, a reverse-phase column set gives more resolution.
The output is also different: the GC×GC technique produces a three-dimensional plot rather than a traditional chromatogram, facilitated by specially designed software packages.
For example, modern software can perform group-type separation as well as automated peak identification (with mass spectrometry).