He began studying architecture in 1852, at the academy in Valenciennes, then went to Paris, where he enrolled at the École des Beaux-Arts.
In 1861 his honors culminated, when he won the Prix de Rome, with his design for a thermal bathing establishment.
The following year he was named a professor, and appointed as head of the architecture studio at the École; a position he held until his retirement in 1908.
[1] He began one of his major works that same year; converting the fire-damaged Château Neuf at Meudon into an observatory.
Four years later, he was elected to the Académie des Beaux-Arts, where he took Seat #4 for architecture, succeeding Charles Garnier (deceased).