He was born on 16 June 1843 to Prince Esper Alexandrovitch Beloselsky-Belozersky and Elena Pavlovna Bibikova (1812–1888).
He received education at home and entered into service in the Chevalier Guard Regiment on 9 December 1861.
Beloselsky-Belozersky held the ranks of Lt. Col. Army (1882), Colonel (1884), Major-General (1894), Lieutenant-General (1906) and Adjutant General (1906).
In 1881 he was for a short time adjutant to the Tsarevich, the future Emperor Alexander III.
In 1895 he went to the reserve, and in 1896 returned to service in the rank of major general on enrolling in a retinue of His Imperial Majesty.