Constantine Menges

Menges was born in Turkey on September 1, 1939, the day that Germany invaded Poland to start World War II.

[4][5] He helped German refugees escape over the Berlin Wall and organized civil resistance after the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 during the Prague Spring[6] Menges worked to ensure equal voting rights in Mississippi and marched with the Rev.

During the Nixon and Ford administrations, he was deputy assistant for civil rights in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

[8] He helped plan Operation Urgent Fury in Grenada and supported the Nicaraguan Contras and the Salvadoran rebels.

[9] He wrote a critical account of his experiences as a government official in his 1988 book, Inside the National Security Council: The True Story of the Making and Unmaking of Reagan's Foreign Policy In September 2002, Constantine Menges sent a letter to Olavo de Carvalho in which he agreed with the Brazilian philosopher's analysis of the current political situation in Brazil.