[5] By 1964, Ghana had transitioned from a republic to a one-party state with a presidential system where rights of the citizenry were eroded and political participation completely banned.
[9] The Constitution holds the view that the traditional separations of power are outdated and it is the job of the President to preserve the independence of institutions.
[11] The Third Republic instituted a decentralized style of government through the creation of regional commissioners with cabinet standings, controlling the policy initiative of the locality and ideally balancing ethnic interests.
[16] Article 17 of the Ghanaian Constitution directly addresses the issue of inequality and the illegality of discrimination based on the "grounds of gender, race, colour, ethnic origin, religion, creed or economic status.
"[17] Article 17 legally defines the broad term of "discrimination", applying the concept of Universal Adult Suffrage to the basis of Ghanaian national law.
[17] Clauses 1 and 2 establishes the right to work under satisfactory, safe, healthy conditions, and equal pay with the assurance of days off when requested and on public holidays.
[17] Additionally, Article 24 clause 3 grants the right of the Ghanaian citizenry to form or join trade unions for the "promotion and protection of his economic and social interests.
Clause 1 establishes the right of the Ghanaian citizenry to have access to equal education opportunities and the facilities are needed.
[19] Duty in Article 41 encompasses civil, political, economic, social, and cultural practices Ghanaians engage in.
[19] The 1992 constitution, as the supreme law of the land, provides for the sharing of powers among a president, a parliament, a cabinet, a Council of State, and an independent judiciary.
The Supreme Court has broad powers of judicial review; it rules on the constitutionality of any legislative or executive action at the request of any aggrieved citizen.
The National House of Chiefs, without executive or legislative power, advises on all matters affecting the country's chieftaincy and customary law.