He was selected by the Atlanta Falcons in the third round of the 2010 NFL draft, and spent time with the Arizona Cardinals and Jacksonville Jaguars.

[6][7] The Atlanta Falcons signed Corey Peters to a four-year deal on June 8, 2010.

[8] On March 4, 2014, Peters and the Falcons agreed on a one-year deal that kept him in Atlanta throughout the 2014 season.

[10][11] He tore his left Achilles tendon on August 20, 2015, during practice, and was placed on injured reserve the next day.

In Week 10 of the 2020 season, Peters suffered a season-ending knee injury and was placed on injured reserve on November 19, 2020.