Their marriage was celebrated with an elaborate display on the Arno, which included a performance of the Argonautica, in which Jason sailed around an artificial island and presented Maria Maddalena with six red apples, alluding to the Medici family symbolic balls, or palle.

He died on 28 February 1621 from tuberculosis and was succeeded by his elder son, Ferdinando II, still a minor at the time of his father's death.

As court mathematician, Galileo was free to challenge the distinction between disciplines and advance theories of Nicolaus Copernicus by using mathematics to address questions of physics.

Once appointed, Galileo moved to the Florence court and found a resource rich environment where he worked as philosopher, mathematician[5] and astronomer.

[7] Notable artist Jacques Callot worked at the court of Grand Duke Cosimo II till the death of his patron in 1621.