Writers advocating cosmopolitan democracy include Immanuel Kant,[2] David Held,[3][4] Daniele Archibugi,[5][6] Richard Falk,[7] and Mary Kaldor.
[8] In the cosmopolitan democracy model, decisions are made by those affected, avoiding a single hierarchical form of authority.
The victory of Western liberal states ending the Cold War inspired the hope that international relations could be guided by the ideals of democracy and the rule of law.
In different forms, the necessity to expand democratic procedures beyond the nation-state has been supported by political philosopher Jürgen Habermas,[11] and sociologist Ulrich Beck.
[14] Supporters of cosmopolitan democracy have been sceptical about the effectiveness of military interventions, even when they are apparently motivated by humanitarian intentions.